Hysteroscopy Surgery

Hysteroscopy surgery is a minimally invasive procedure used to diagnose and treat conditions affecting the uterus. It involves the use of a thin, lighted instrument called a hysteroscope, which is inserted through the vagina and cervix into the uterus. This procedure allows doctors to view the uterine cavity in real-time and perform surgical corrections if needed, without the need for external incisions.

Hysteroscopy is commonly performed for diagnostic purposes or as part of fertility treatments to identify and correct abnormalities that may interfere with conception or pregnancy.

Types of Hysteroscopy

- Diagnostic Hysteroscopy:
  - Performed to evaluate the uterine cavity for abnormalities that might affect fertility or cause symptoms such as heavy bleeding.
  - Often combined with other procedures, such as laparoscopy, for a comprehensive assessment.
- Operative Hysteroscopy:
  - Performed to treat abnormalities detected during diagnostic hysteroscopy.
  - Small surgical instruments are inserted through the hysteroscope to correct issues such as fibroids, polyps, or adhesions.

Why is Hysteroscopy Surgery Performed in Fertility Treatment?

Hysteroscopy is a valuable tool in addressing fertility challenges, as it allows doctors to identify and resolve uterine issues that may interfere with conception or the ability to maintain a pregnancy. It is often used to:

Diagnose and treat uterine abnormalities.
Remove uterine growths like fibroids or polyps.
Treat scar tissue (intrauterine adhesions) caused by previous surgeries or infections.
Assess the shape and structure of the uterus.
Remove retained products of conception after a miscarriage.
Evaluate repeated implantation failure or miscarriage.

Conditions Treated with Hysteroscopy Surgery

Hysteroscopy is effective for diagnosing and treating the following:

Uterine Fibroids: Non-cancerous growths that can distort the uterine cavity or cause bleeding.
Endometrial Polyps: Small, benign growths on the uterine lining.
Adhesions (Asherman’s Syndrome): Scar tissue that can interfere with fertility or menstrual flow.
Septate or Bicornuate Uterus: Structural abnormalities that may affect conception or pregnancy.
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding: Heavy or irregular bleeding not linked to ovulation.
Foreign Body Removal: Removal of an intrauterine device (IUD) or retained miscarriage tissue.

How is Hysteroscopy Surgery Performed?

Preparation:
- Hysteroscopy is usually performed under local or general anesthesia, depending on the complexity of the procedure.
- The patient is positioned, and the cervix may be dilated slightly to allow the hysteroscope to pass through.
Insertion of the Hysteroscope:
- A hysteroscope is gently inserted through the vagina and cervix into the uterus.
- Sterile saline or gas is used to expand the uterus, allowing better visibility.
Diagnosis or Treatment:
- The uterine cavity is inspected for abnormalities.
- Surgical instruments may be introduced through the hysteroscope to remove growths, correct structural defects, or address other issues.
Completion:
- The hysteroscope and any instruments are removed, and the patient is monitored during recovery.

Recovery After Hysteroscopy Surgery

Most patients can go home the same day as the procedure.
Mild cramping, spotting, or discharge may occur for a few days after the surgery.
Recovery is usually quick, with patients resuming normal activities within 1–2 days.

Advantages of Hysteroscopy Surgery

Minimally Invasive:
- No incisions are required, resulting in minimal pain and faster recovery.
Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment:
- Provides a direct view of the uterine cavity for precise diagnosis and immediate treatment.
Improved Fertility:
- Resolves uterine abnormalities that might hinder conception or implantation.
Low Risk and Quick Recovery:
- Complications are rare, and patients typically recover quickly with minimal downtime.

Risks of Hysteroscopy Surgery

Although generally safe, hysteroscopy may carry minor risks, such as:

- Infection or bleeding
- Uterine perforation (rare)
- Adverse reactions to anesthesia
- Cramping or discomfort after the procedure